The PDF Handbook summarises over twenty years of rail demand forecasting understanding, such as the effects of service quality, fares and external factors affecting rail demand.

It provides guidance on applying this understanding to the preparation of forecasts for:

• investment appraisal
• pricing decisions
• timetabling and operating decisions
• business planning and budgeting.

Another pararaph

The new PDFH4.1 update incorporates a significant number of new recommendations and enhancements including a re-appraisal of external factors, extensive modifications to fare elasticities and new recommendations related to timetable related service quality.

The PDFH is provided to all Full and Associate members. It is also regularly updated, to ensure all research is both relevant and the latest available.

© Association of Train Operating Companies 2008.